Page one of John Hanlon’s transcription of Ned Kelly’s Jerilderie letter, 1879

Ned Kelly is the only bushranger known to have left a detailed written justification of his actions and his ‘manifesto’ is regarded by many as an early call for a republican Australia. The 56-page document he tried to have published at Jerilderie in February 1879 appears to be the final working of one that was first circulated at Euroa in December 1878. It reflects the voice of a man who feels he has been deeply wronged. He admits to crimes but claims he was forced into them by a corrupt police force. He demands that squatters share their property with the poor. The document ends with a violent threat against all who oppose him: ‘I am a Widow’s Son, outlawed and my orders must be obeyed.’ Copies of the document were made by the police and by publican John Hanlon.