Joe McGinness, President, and Dulcie Flower, Secretary, Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders, 1969

Activists such as Joe McGinness, Oodgeroo Noonuccal (formerly Kath Walker), Dulcie Flower, Doug Nicholls, Pearl Gibbs, Faith Bandler and George Abdullah set up political associations such as the Federal Council for Aboriginal Advancement (FCAA) to coordinate the fight for political and other civil rights.